What are the two main types of turbines?

The two main types of turbines are impulse and reaction turbines.

Impulse turbines work by directing a high-speed jet of fluid, typically water, against the turbine blades. The kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into mechanical energy as the blades are forced to move. This type of turbine does not involve pressure drop through the turbine itself; instead, the pressure of the fluid remains relatively constant while its velocity increases due to the nozzle action.

Reaction turbines, on the other hand, generate torque through the interaction between the water pressure and the blades. As water flows through the turbine, it expands and loses pressure, which results in the generation of lift forces on the blades. In this case, the turbine relies on the reaction of the water as it moves through the turbine, making pressure differences integral to its operation.

While other options mention different types or classifications of turbines, they do not focus on the fundamental distinctions between impulse and reaction, which are critical for understanding the principles of turbine operation in hydraulic systems. Understanding these two types provides a foundation for exploring more specific turbine designs and their applications in energy production.